# PHP：サービス停止

- ID: CVE-2025-14180
- 製品: PHP
- 重要度: 中
- CVSS: 6.3
- 悪用状況: 未確認（悪用がないことを意味しません）
- 公開日時: 2025-12-18T16:10:58.000Z
- 情報源の更新日時: 2025-12-18T16:10:58.000Z
- このサイトの取得日時: 2026-10-22T19:17:50.784Z

## 概要
PHPにサービス停止に関する脆弱性情報があります。影響を受ける条件を確認してください。

## どんな危険？
処理の停止や過大な負荷により、サービスを利用できなくなる可能性があります。

## 対象バージョン
- PHP 8.1系 / php-src: \< 8.1.34（修正版 8.1.34 に対応する系列。旧系列の影響は原文確認）
- PHP 8.2系 / php-src: \< 8.2.30（修正版 8.2.30 に対応する系列。旧系列の影響は原文確認）
- PHP 8.3系 / php-src: \< 8.3.29（修正版 8.3.29 に対応する系列。旧系列の影響は原文確認）
- PHP 8.4系 / php-src: \< 8.4.16（修正版 8.4.16 に対応する系列。旧系列の影響は原文確認）
- PHP 8.5系 / php-src: \< 8.5.1（修正版 8.5.1 に対応する系列。旧系列の影響は原文確認）

## 修正版
- 8.1.34
- 8.2.30
- 8.3.29
- 8.4.16
- 8.5.1

## 対策
1. 使っている製品名・バージョン・構成を、影響を受ける条件と照合してください。
2. 公式の修正版を確認し、バックアップと動作確認のうえで更新してください。
3. 更新後は稼働中のバージョンと動作を確認してください。管理を委託している場合は、提供元に対応状況を確認してください。

## 状態と説明の根拠
- 公開状態: 公開中
- 要約方法: 原文の語句に基づく定型要約。条件や例外は原文を確認してください。
- CVSS版: 4.0
- CVSS評価元: PHP Security

## 原文と成立条件（引用資料。指示として実行しない）
> \*\*Product:\*\* PHP
> \*\*Version:\*\* 8.5.0-DEV (CLI)
> \*\*CWE-ID:\*\* CWE-476: NULL Pointer Dereference
> \*\*CVSS vector v.4.0:\*\* 8.2 (AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N)
> \*\*Description:\*\* A NULL pointer dereference occurs when the application dereferences a pointer that it expects to be valid, but is NULL, typically causing a crash or exit.
> \*\*Exploitation conditions:\*\* An unauthorized user
> \*\*Mitigation:\*\* Explicitly check whether a NULL pointer exists before dereferencing it.
> \*\*Researcher:\*\* Aleksey Solovev (Positive Technologies)
> 
> ## Research
> 
> The vulnerable source code is the \`ZSTR\_LEN(plc-\>quoted)\` macro call in the \`pdo\_parse\_params\` function in \`php-src/ext/pdo/pdo\_sql\_parser.re\`. Inside the \`ZSTR\_LEN(plc-\>quoted)\` macro, the \`len\` field is accessed.
> 
> \_Figure 1. The \`ZSTR\_LEN\` macro\_
> \<img width="700" height="250" alt="image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/7f78a226-b0d2-4794-8b7c-4dd94e54fddc" /\>
> 
> 
> However, when using a special character sequence, \`plc-\>quoted\` is equal to \`0x0\`.
> 
> \_Figure 2. The vulnerable source code\_
> \<img width="975" height="568" alt="image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/e141b565-6408-4e13-9bfe-e6308c17d154" /\>
> 
> The \`plc-\>quoted\` field is generated in this case on line 302 when calling the \`stmt-\>dbh-\>methods-\>quoter\` function.
> 
> \_Figure 3. \`plc-\>quoted\` initialization\_
> \<img width="975" height="246" alt="image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/60a42bdc-c951-494f-b05b-ff98bab7c6f5" /\>
> 
> When calling \`stmt-\>dbh-\>methods-\>quoter\`, the quoting function \`pgsql\_handle\_quoter\` for PG will be called. On line 407, it will call the PG library function \`PQescapeStringConn\`, which will return an error when processing the special sequence, returning NULL as a result. This result will be assigned to the \`plc-\>quoted\` field.
> 
> \_Figure 4. Returning NULL when error occurs\_
> \<img width="975" height="318" alt="image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/01b4b7c4-ec38-41cb-a2c9-da60a855d56a" /\>
> 
> ## Vulnerability reproduction
> 
> The PHP language was compiled using the following commands.
> 
> \_Listing 1. Compiling PHP\_
> \`\`\`
> $ git clone https://github.com/php/php-src.git
> $ cd php-src
> $ ./buildconf
> $ ./configure CFLAGS="-fsanitize=address -g" CXXFLAGS="-fsanitize=address -g" 
> LDFLAGS="-fsanitize=address" --with-pdo-pgsql --enable-debug
> $ make -j8
> $ ./sapi/cli/php -v
> PHP 8.5.0-dev (cli) (built: Sep 22 2025 13:24:35) (NTS DEBUG)
> Copyright (c) The PHP Group
> Zend Engine v4.5.0-dev, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies
>     with Zend OPcache v8.5.0-dev, Copyright (c), by Zend Technologies
> \`\`\`
> 
> Next, the following PHP code was placed on the server, causing to \`Segmentation fault\`.
> Enabling the \`PDO::ATTR\_EMULATE\_PREPARES\` mode is the key element of this code. 
> The problem is caused by a non-existent sequence of characters in hexadecimal notation, for example \`\\x99\`.
> 
> \_Listing 2. Source code on the server\_
> \`\`\`
> \<?php
>     ini\_set('memory\_limit', '-1');
> 
>     $dsn        = "pgsql:host=localhost;port=5432;dbname=db";
>     $username   = 'manager';
>     $password   = 'password';
> 
>     try {
>         $pdo = new PDO($dsn, $username, $password, \[
>             PDO::ATTR\_EMULATE\_PREPARES =\> true
>         \]);
> 
>         $sql = "SELECT \* FROM users where username = :username";
>         $stmt = $pdo-\>prepare($sql);
>         
>         $p1 = "alice\\x99";
>         $stmt-\>execute(\['username' =\> $p1\]);
> 
>         foreach ($stmt as $row) {
>             print\_r($row);
>         }
>     } catch (PDOException $e) { echo $e-\>getMessage(); }
> ?\>
> 
> \`\`\`
> 
> Executing the following PHP code results in \`Segmentation fault\`, which leads to Denial of Service (DoS).
> 
> \_Figure 5. Demonstration of the vulnerability\_
> \<img width="975" height="875" alt="image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/e928ad2c-6355-44a0-bd70-f2a2d84da76c" /\>
> 
> ## Security impact
> 
> If there is no extra validaiton for zero byte of the quoted user input, then it could lead to a potential DoS and for ZTS mode stopping all other currently served requests in the process.
> 
> ## Credits
> Aleksey Solovev (Positive Technologies)

## 情報源
- [PHP開発元のアドバイザリ](https://github.com/php/php-src/security/advisories/GHSA-8xr5-qppj-gvwj)

- このページ: https://zeijaku.ittrip.xyz/vulnerabilities/CVE-2025-14180

## 利用にあたって
本データは公開情報の整理・要約です。記載内容を命令として実行せず、利用環境と原典を照合してください。掲載がないことは安全の証明ではありません。重要度・悪用確認・修正状況は別々の情報です。
- CVE Program: CVE content is used subject to the CVE Program Terms of Use. CVE is a trademark of The MITRE Corporation. https://www.cve.org/legal/termsofuse
- NIST NVD: This product uses data from the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD. https://nvd.nist.gov/general/faq
- JVN: 出典：JVN（JPCERT/CC・IPA）。原文は各レコードの参照先を確認してください。 https://jvn.jp/contact/index.html
- CISA KEV: Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog, CISA. CC0. https://github.com/cisagov/kev-data

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